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Hyoscyamine, Methenamine, Methylene Blue, and Sodium Phosphate Monobasic

Generic name: hyoscyamine/methenamine/methylene blue/sodium biphosphate systemic

Brand names: Urogesic Blue, Uro Blue, Uta, Urolet MB, Indiomin MB

Dosage Forms

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product

Capsule, Oral:

Indiomin MB: Hyoscyamine sulfate 0.12 mg, methenamine 120 mg, methylene blue 10 mg, and sodium phosphate monobasic 40.8 mg [DSC]

UTA: Hyoscyamine sulfate 0.12 mg, methenamine 120 mg, methylene blue 10 mg, and sodium phosphate monobasic 40.8 mg [DSC]

Tablet, Oral:

ME/NaPhos/MB/Hyo1: Hyoscyamine sulfate 0.12 mg, methenamine 81.6 mg, methylene blue 10.8 mg, and sodium phosphate monobasic 40.8 mg [scored; contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1)]

Urogesic-Blue: Hyoscyamine sulfate 0.12 mg, methenamine 81.6 mg, methylene blue 10.8 mg, and sodium phosphate monobasic 40.8 mg [scored]

Urolet MB: Hyoscyamine sulfate 0.12 mg, methenamine 81.6 mg, methylene blue 10.8 mg, and sodium phosphate monobasic 40.8 mg [DSC] [contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1)]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Hyoscyamine: Hyoscyamine is a parasympatholytic that relaxes smooth muscles, producing an antispasmodic effect.

Methenamine: Methenamine is hydrolyzed in acidic urine to produce formaldehyde, which provides local bactericidal or bacteriostatic action.

Methylene blue: Methylene blue has weak antiseptic properties.

Sodium phosphate monobasic: Sodium phosphate monobasic maintains an acid pH in the urine, necessary for the degradation of methenamine.

Use: Labeled Indications

Urinary tract symptoms: Treatment of symptoms of irritative voiding; relief of local symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (eg, hypermotility); antispasmodic; relief of urinary tract symptoms caused by diagnostic procedures.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to hyoscyamine, methenamine, methylene blue, sodium phosphate monobasic, or any component of the formulation. Note: Contraindications to methenamine and hyoscyamine may also apply; see Methenamine and Hyoscyamine individual monographs for more information.

Dosage and Administration

Dosing: Adult

Urinary tract symptoms: Oral: One tablet 4 times daily.

Dosing: Geriatric

Avoid use (Beers Criteria [AGS 2019]).

Dosing: Pediatric

Urinary tract symptoms: Children >6 years: Oral: Dosage must be individualized.

Administration

Oral: Administration should be followed by liberal fluid intake.

Dietary Considerations

Foods/diets which alkalinize urine pH >5.5 decrease activity of methenamine.

Storage

Store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).

Drug Interactions

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy

Aclidinium: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination

Alcohol (Ethyl): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Alosetron: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Alpha-/Beta-Agonists (Indirect-Acting): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists (Indirect-Acting). While linezolid is expected to interact via this mechanism, management recommendations differ from other monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Refer to linezolid specific monographs for details. Avoid combination

Alpha1-Agonists: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha1-Agonists. While linezolid is expected to interact via this mechanism, management recommendations differ from other monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Refer to linezolid specific monographs for details. Avoid combination

Amantadine: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Monitor therapy

Amantadine: Urinary Acidifying Agents may decrease the serum concentration of Amantadine. Monitor therapy

Amifampridine: Agents With Seizure Threshold Lowering Potential may enhance the neuroexcitatory and/or seizure-potentiating effect of Amifampridine. Monitor therapy

Amphetamines: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Amphetamines. While linezolid and tedizolid may interact via this mechanism, management recommendations differ from other monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Refer to monographs specific to those agents for details. Avoid combination

Antacids: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Methenamine. Consider therapy modification

Antacids: May decrease the serum concentration of Hyoscyamine. Management: Administer immediate release hyoscyamine before meals and antacids after meals when these agents are given in combination. Consider therapy modification

Anticholinergic Agents: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Anticholinergic Agents. Monitor therapy

Antiemetics (5HT3 Antagonists): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Alosetron; Ondansetron; Ramosetron. Monitor therapy

Antipsychotic Agents: Serotonergic Agents (High Risk) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Antipsychotic Agents. Specifically, serotonergic agents may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotic Agents may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy

Apraclonidine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Apraclonidine. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Apraclonidine. Avoid combination

AtoMOXetine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of AtoMOXetine. Avoid combination

Atropine (Ophthalmic): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Atropine (Ophthalmic). Avoid combination

BCG (Intravesical): Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Avoid combination

BCG Vaccine (Immunization): Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG Vaccine (Immunization). Monitor therapy

Benzhydrocodone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: The use of benzhydrocodone is not recommended for patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of MAOI discontinuation. Consider therapy modification

Beta2-Agonists: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists. Monitor therapy

Betahistine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Betahistine. Monitor therapy

Bezafibrate: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Bezafibrate. Avoid combination

Blood Glucose Lowering Agents: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Blood Glucose Lowering Agents. Monitor therapy

Botulinum Toxin-Containing Products: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Monitor therapy

Brimonidine (Ophthalmic): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Brimonidine (Ophthalmic). Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Brimonidine (Ophthalmic). Monitor therapy

Brimonidine (Topical): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Brimonidine (Topical). Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Brimonidine (Topical). Monitor therapy

Buprenorphine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

BuPROPion: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of BuPROPion. Avoid combination

BusPIRone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Cannabinoid-Containing Products: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the tachycardic effect of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Exceptions: Cannabidiol. Monitor therapy

CarBAMazepine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Management: Avoid concurrent use of carbamazepine during, or within 14 days of discontinuing, treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Avoid combination

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Methenamine. Management: Consider avoiding this combination. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of methenamine if used concomitant with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Exceptions: Brinzolamide; Dorzolamide. Consider therapy modification

Cerebrolysin: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy

Chloral Betaine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Monitor therapy

Chlorphenesin Carbamate: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy

ChlorproPAMIDE: Urinary Acidifying Agents may increase the serum concentration of ChlorproPAMIDE. Monitor therapy

Cholera Vaccine: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Cholera Vaccine. Management: Avoid cholera vaccine in patients receiving systemic antibiotics, and within 14 days following the use of oral or parenteral antibiotics. Avoid combination

Cimetropium: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Cimetropium. Avoid combination

Clemastine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Clemastine. Monitor therapy

Cocaine (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy

Codeine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Codeine. Avoid combination

COMT Inhibitors: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Consider therapy modification

Cyclobenzaprine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Cyproheptadine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Cyproheptadine. Cyproheptadine may diminish the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Dapoxetine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Do not use serotonergic agents (high risk) with dapoxetine or within 7 days of serotonergic agent discontinuation. Do not use dapoxetine within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitor use. Dapoxetine labeling lists this combination as contraindicated. Avoid combination

Deutetrabenazine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Deutetrabenazine. Avoid combination

Dexmethylphenidate: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Dexmethylphenidate. Avoid combination

Dextromethorphan: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Dextromethorphan. This may cause serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Diethylpropion: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Diethylpropion. Avoid combination

Dihydrocodeine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy

Diphenoxylate: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Domperidone: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Domperidone. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Domperidone. Domperidone may diminish the therapeutic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy

DOPamine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of DOPamine. Management: Initiate dopamine at no greater than one-tenth (1/10) of the usual dose in patients who are taking (or have taken within the last 2 to 3 weeks) monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Monitor for an exaggerated hypertensive response to dopamine. Consider therapy modification

Doxapram: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Doxapram. Monitor therapy

Doxylamine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Doxylamine. Management: The US manufacturer of Diclegis (doxylamine/pyridoxine) and the manufacturers of Canadian doxylamine products specifically lists use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors as contraindicated. Monitor therapy

Droxidopa: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Droxidopa. Avoid combination

Eluxadoline: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of Eluxadoline. Avoid combination

EPINEPHrine (Nasal): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of EPINEPHrine (Nasal). Monitor therapy

EPINEPHrine (Oral Inhalation): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of EPINEPHrine (Oral Inhalation). Avoid combination

Epinephrine (Racemic): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Epinephrine (Racemic). Monitor therapy

EPINEPHrine (Systemic): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of EPINEPHrine (Systemic). Monitor therapy

Ergot Derivatives: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Nicergoline. Monitor therapy

Esketamine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy

Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic): Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic). Monitor therapy

Glucagon: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Glucagon. Specifically, the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects may be increased. Monitor therapy

Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation): Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation). Avoid combination

Glycopyrronium (Topical): May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination

Guanethidine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Heroin: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Heroin. Avoid combination

HYDROcodone: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of HYDROcodone. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. Consider therapy modification

HYDROmorphone: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of HYDROmorphone. Avoid combination

Indoramin: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypotensive effect of Indoramin. Avoid combination

Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products. Management: Discontinue all drugs that may inhibit or interfere with catecholamine transport or uptake for at least 5 biological half-lives before iobenguane administration. Do not administer these drugs until at least 7 days after each iobenguane dose. Avoid combination

Iohexol: Agents With Seizure Threshold Lowering Potential may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Iohexol. Specifically, the risk for seizures may be increased. Management: Discontinue agents that may lower the seizure threshold 48 hours prior to intrathecal use of iohexol. Wait at least 24 hours after the procedure to resume such agents. In nonelective procedures, consider use of prophylactic anticonvulsants. Consider therapy modification

Iomeprol: Agents With Seizure Threshold Lowering Potential may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Iomeprol. Specifically, the risk for seizures may be increased. Management: Discontinue agents that may lower the seizure threshold 48 hours prior to intrathecal use of iomeprol. Wait at least 24 hours after the procedure to resume such agents. In nonelective procedures, consider use of prophylactic anticonvulsants. Consider therapy modification

Iopamidol: Agents With Seizure Threshold Lowering Potential may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Iopamidol. Specifically, the risk for seizures may be increased. Management: Discontinue agents that may lower the seizure threshold 48 hours prior to intrathecal use of iopamidol. Wait at least 24 hours after the procedure to resume such agents. In nonelective procedures, consider use of prophylactic anticonvulsants. Consider therapy modification

Ipratropium (Oral Inhalation): May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination

Isometheptene: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Isometheptene. Avoid combination

Itopride: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Itopride. Monitor therapy

Ketoconazole (Systemic): Hyoscyamine may decrease the serum concentration of Ketoconazole (Systemic). Management: Take hyoscyamine at least 2 hours after ingestion of ketoconazole. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of ketoconazole if used together with hyoscyamine. Consider therapy modification

Lactobacillus and Estriol: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus and Estriol. Monitor therapy

Lasmiditan: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Levodopa-Containing Products: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Of particular concern is the development of hypertensive reactions when levodopa is used with nonselective MAOI. Avoid combination

Levomethadone: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Levonordefrin: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Levonordefrin. Avoid combination

Levosulpiride: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Levosulpiride. Avoid combination

Linezolid: Methylene Blue may enhance the serotonergic effect of Linezolid. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Lithium: Methylene Blue may enhance the serotonergic effect of Lithium. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Consider alternatives to this drug combination. If combined, monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes). Consider therapy modification

Lorcaserin: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Maprotiline: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Mecamylamine: Urinary Acidifying Agents may decrease the serum concentration of Mecamylamine. Monitor therapy

Meptazinol: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Meptazinol. Avoid combination

Mequitazine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Mequitazine. Avoid combination

Metaraminol: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Metaraminol. Monitor therapy

Metaxalone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Methadone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Methyldopa: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Methyldopa. Avoid combination

Methylphenidate: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Methylphenidate. Avoid combination

Metoclopramide: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Mianserin: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic effect of Mianserin. Avoid combination

Mirabegron: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Mirabegron. Monitor therapy

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Antidepressant): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Type B): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Morphine (Systemic): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Morphine (Systemic). Avoid combination

Nefazodone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Nefopam: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Nefopam. Avoid combination

Nitroglycerin: Anticholinergic Agents may decrease the absorption of Nitroglycerin. Specifically, anticholinergic agents may decrease the dissolution of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets, possibly impairing or slowing nitroglycerin absorption. Monitor therapy

Norepinephrine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Norepinephrine. Monitor therapy

Normethadone: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Normethadone. Avoid combination

Ondansetron: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Opioid Agonists: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Opioid Agonists. Specifically, the risk for constipation and urinary retention may be increased with this combination. Monitor therapy

Opioid Agonists: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: FentaNYL; Meperidine; TraMADol. Monitor therapy

Opium: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Opium. Avoid combination

Oxatomide: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination

Oxitriptan: Serotonergic Agents (High Risk) may enhance the serotonergic effect of Oxitriptan. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

OxyCODONE: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

OxyMORphone: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Pheniramine: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Pholcodine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Pizotifen: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Pizotifen. Avoid combination

Potassium Chloride: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of Potassium Chloride. Management: Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium chloride. Avoid combination

Potassium Citrate: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of Potassium Citrate. Avoid combination

Pramlintide: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. These effects are specific to the GI tract. Consider therapy modification

Ramosetron: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of Ramosetron. Monitor therapy

Ramosetron: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Reboxetine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Reboxetine. Avoid combination

Remifentanil: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Remifentanil. Specifically, the risk for opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression) may be increased. Remifentanil may enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: The use of remifentanil is not recommended for patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of MAOI discontinuation. Consider therapy modification

Reserpine: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Reserpine. Existing MAOI therapy can result in paradoxical effects of added reserpine (e.g., excitation, hypertension). Management: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should be avoided or used with great caution in patients who are also receiving reserpine. Consider therapy modification

Revefenacin: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Revefenacin. Avoid combination

Secretin: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Secretin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of anticholinergic agents and secretin. Discontinue anticholinergic agents at least 5 half-lives prior to administration of secretin. Consider therapy modification

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Exceptions: Dapoxetine. Avoid combination

Serotonergic Non-Opioid CNS Depressants: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Serotonergic Opioids (High Risk): Methylene Blue may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Opioids (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Consider alternatives to this drug combination. If combined, monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes). Consider therapy modification

Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists (Triptans): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists (Triptans). Avoid combination

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Sodium Picosulfate: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sodium Picosulfate. Management: Consider using an alternative product for bowel cleansing prior to a colonoscopy in patients who have recently used or are concurrently using an antibiotic. Consider therapy modification

Solriamfetol: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Solriamfetol. Avoid combination

St John's Wort: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. St John's Wort may decrease the serum concentration of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

SUFentanil: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Specifically, the risk for serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicities (eg, respiratory depression, coma) may be increased. Management: Sufentanil should not be used with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (or within 14 days of stopping an MAO inhibitor) due to the potential for serotonin syndrome and/or excessive CNS depression. Avoid combination

Sulfonamide Antibiotics: Methenamine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Sulfonamide Antibiotics. Specifically, the combination may result in the formation of an insoluble precipitate in the urine. Avoid combination

Syrian Rue: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Monitor therapy

Tapentadol: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Specifically, the additive effects of norepinephrine may lead to adverse cardiovascular effects. Tapentadol may enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Tetrabenazine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Tetrahydrozoline (Nasal): Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Tetrahydrozoline (Nasal). Avoid combination

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Methenamine. Monitor therapy

Tianeptine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Tiotropium: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Tiotropium. Avoid combination

Tricyclic Antidepressants: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Tryptophan: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination

Typhoid Vaccine: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Only the live attenuated Ty21a strain is affected. Management: Vaccination with live attenuated typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) should be avoided in patients being treated with systemic antibacterial agents. Use of this vaccine should be postponed until at least 3 days after cessation of antibacterial agents. Consider therapy modification

Umeclidinium: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination

Valbenazine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Avoid combination

Test Interactions

See individual agents.

Adverse Reactions

Frequency not defined. Also see hyoscyamine, methenamine, and methylene blue monographs.

Cardiovascular: Flushing, rapid pulse

Central nervous system: Dizziness, drowsiness

Gastrointestinal: Fecal discoloration (blue to blue-green), nausea, vomiting, xerostomia

Genitourinary: Acute urinary retention, difficulty in micturition, urine discoloration (blue to blue-green)

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction (rare)

Ophthalmic: Blurred vision

Respiratory: Dyspnea

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

  • Belladonna alkaloid allergy: Use with caution in patients with a history of intolerance to belladonna alkaloids.
  • Blurred vision: Discontinue use immediately if blurred vision occurs.
  • Dizziness: Discontinue use immediately if dizziness occurs.
  • Salicylate allergy: Use with caution in patients with a history of intolerance to salicylates.
  • Tachycardia: Discontinue use immediately if tachycardia occurs.

Disease-related concerns:

  • Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease (cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, mitral stenosis).
  • Gastrointestinal disease: Use with caution in patients with gastrointestinal tract obstruction or gastric ulcers.
  • Glaucoma: Use with caution in patients with glaucoma.
  • Myasthenia gravis: Use with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis.
  • Obstructive uropathy: Use with caution in patients with obstructive uropathy (bladder neck obstruction or prostatic hyperplasia).

Concurrent drug therapy issues:

  • Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.

Special populations:

  • Pediatric: Not recommended for use in children ≤6 years of age.

Other warnings/precautions:

  • Urine/stool discoloration: May cause urinary and/or stool discoloration (blue).

Monitoring Parameters

Urinary tract symptoms

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Risk Factor

C

Pregnancy Considerations

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with this combination. Hyoscyamine and methenamine cross the placenta. Information related to the oral use of methylene blue in pregnancy is limited (Heinonen 1977).

Patient Education

What is this drug used for?

  • It is used to ease pain from a bladder infection.
  • It is used to treat muscle spasms of the urinary system.

Frequently reported side effects of this drug

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Dry mouth
  • Urine or stool discoloration
  • Flushing
  • Fatigue

Other side effects of this drug: Talk with your doctor right away if you have any of these signs of:

  • Fast heartbeat
  • Blurred vision
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Trouble urinating
  • Signs of a significant reaction like wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Talk to your doctor if you have questions.

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine.

Source: Wolters Kluwer Health. Last updated January 30, 2020.